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Water based primers have come a long way in the last twenty years.  Although they are not the best stain blockers, the new waterborne universal primers (UMA) have excellent adhesion.  It should be noted that they take a few weeks (sometimes longer)
Universal Primers
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to develop full adhesion, during the interim, they are somewhat soft and subject to scaring and pull off until final adhesion is achieved.  For this reason, a quicker curing primer (like shellac) is best where there will be early hard handling and use.  The greatest  benefit of the waterbased primers is the low odor, coupled with soap and water clean up.

Zinsser 123 Bullsey and Xim UMA
The two latex primers that I have the most experience with are Zinsser's 123 Bullseye and Xim's UMA (urethane modified acrylic) primers. I prefer Bullseye for exterior priming and UMA for interior.  Bullseye is a flexible satin sheen acrylic latex, which  looks  and  feels like  most  exterior  house paints.  It is a bit "rubbery", 





















Xim's UMA is a flat sheen, easy sanding primer with excellent adhesion.  Unlike most latex paints, it has pretty good flow and leveling.  The new waterborne paints (like UMA),  which have small sized particles which helps them to level better and provides better contact with the substrate, enhancing the adhesion of these primers and paints.  Applied with a brush or by spray you will get a nice smooth easy sanding undercoat for top coating. 


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which makes it good and flexible for exterior substrate flexing.   The soft flexible film which makes it good for exterior use, does not lend itself well to some interior uses.  The softer film does not sand very well, limiting it’s usefulness as an enamel undercoater for wood trim. Generically, waterbased stain blockers do not work as well as solvent stain blockers.  The same inherent “breatheability” that makes latex good for exteriors, also makes them not so good for stain blocking.  One nice thing about 123 Bullseye is that it comes in a deep tone base enabling deeper tones to be achieved when tinting.
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